But using the A 440 standard, C0 = 16 Hz is a convenient and fairly accurate approximation.MIDI Note to Frequency MIDI Note Number to Frequency Conversion Chart If C0 has frequency 16 Hz, the A above middle C has frequency 2 8.75 = 430.54, a little flat compared to A 440. C n has frequency 2 n+4 Hz. The formula above for the number of half steps a pitch is above C0 simplifies to When scientific pitch notation was first introduced, C0 was defined to be exactly 16 Hz, whereas now it works out to around 16.35. The advantage of the original system is that all C’s have frequency a power of 2, i.e. If you’d like to port this code to a language that doesn’t have a log2 function, you can use log(x)/log(2) for log2(x). While 440 is common, it used to be lower in the past, and you’ll sometimes see higher values like 444 today. The pitch for A4 is its own variable in case you’d like to modify the code for a different tuning. It calculates the number of half steps h from C0 up to a pitch, then computes the corresponding pitch notation. If you’d like code rather than just to do one calculation, see the Python code below. Here is a page that will let you convert back and forth between frequency and music notation: Music, Hertz, Barks. (Details for this calculation and the one below are given in here.)įor a pitch P, the number of half steps from C0 to P is C0 is four octaves lower, so it’s 2 -4 = 1/16 of the pitch of C4. This is nine half steps above C4, so the pitch of C4 is 440*2 -9/12. MathĪ4, the A above middle C, has a frequency of 440 Hz. Middle C is C4 because it’s 4 octaves above C0. The lowest note on a piano is A0, a major sixth up from C0. The C an octave higher is C1, the next C2, etc. Octaves begin with C other notes use the octave number of the closest C below. In scientific pitch notation, the C near the threshold of hearing, around 16 Hz, is called C0. How can you convert the frequency of a sound to musical notation? I wrote in an earlier post how to calculate how many half steps a frequency is above or below middle C, but it would be useful go further have code to output musical pitch notation.
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